Understanding the IEP Process: What Every Family Deserves to Know

A Quick Guide for Parents and Caregivers

This guide is based on the U.S. Department of Education’s IEP Questions & Answers document (September 2011) and highlights your rights and your child’s protections under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Understanding how IEPs work can help you feel more confident and empowered as you advocate for your child. When you know your rights, you're better prepared to advocate for your child’s needs. This quick guide is here to help you feel informed, empowered, and ready for the journey ahead.

Evaluations & Eligibility

If you believe your child may need special education, you have the right to request a comprehensive evaluation at any time. No diagnosis or referral is required to begin this process. Schools are required to evaluate and determine eligibility within a specific timeframe.

If your child qualifies for services, the school will develop an Individualized Education Program (IEP) tailored to their needs. Reevaluations must take place at least every three years, unless you and the school agree they’re not needed sooner. These evaluations help ensure your child’s services stay relevant and effective as they grow.

IEP Team & Development

The IEP team must include you, the parent or guardian, alongside school staff and service providers. Parents are equal and essential members of this team and must be involved in all decisions.

IEPs are not one-size-fits-all. They must be individualized to fit your child’s unique strengths, challenges, and goals. You have the right to ask questions, request changes, and ensure the plan truly supports your child, not just now, but as their needs evolve.

What an IEP Must Include

Each IEP must clearly outline:

• Your child’s current academic and functional performance

• Measurable annual goals and a plan for tracking progress

• The special education and related services your child will receive, including when and where they’ll happen

• Behavioral supports, if your child’s behavior impacts their learning or the learning of others

This plan should guide your child’s support throughout the school year and be flexible enough to change as needed.

Reviewing and Updating the IEP

IEPs must be reviewed at least once a year, but you or the school can request a meeting sooner if concerns come up. As your child makes progress or their needs shift, the IEP should be updated to reflect those changes.

Frequent communication with the team helps ensure the plan continues to support your child’s learning, independence, and growth.

Behavior & Discipline Protections

If behavior becomes a concern, the IEP team must consider appropriate behavioral supports and strategies. These supports should be included directly in the IEP.

If your child is facing disciplinary actions, like repeated suspensions, the school is still required to follow IDEA protections. A team meeting should be held to review and revise the IEP so that the right supports are in place moving forward.

Need Support?

If you need help reviewing your child’s IEP or preparing for a meeting, I’m here to support you. Together, we can make sure your child’s plan reflects their strengths, needs, and full potential.